The United States finds itself entrenched in what experts term the "fourth wave" of the opioid epidemic, posing heightened risks to drug users and complicating national efforts to combat substance abuse.
Initially sparked by a surge in prescription opioid misuse, followed by a notable rise in heroin consumption, and further exacerbated by the emergence of synthetic opioids like fentanyl, this latest wave entails the concurrent use of multiple substances. Notably, fentanyl is increasingly being combined with either methamphetamine or cocaine, indicating a disturbing trend, as highlighted in a recent report by Millennium Health.
Based on an extensive analysis of 4.1 million urine samples collected between January 2013 and December 2023 from individuals undergoing addiction treatment, the report reveals alarming statistics. Notably, nearly 93% of fentanyl-positive urine samples contained additional substances, signifying widespread polysubstance use. Of particular concern is the significant uptick in the co-use of methamphetamine and fentanyl, which saw an 875% surge since 2015.
Moreover, the report underscores shifts in drug consumption patterns nationwide, with a notable spike in methamphetamine usage alongside fentanyl. This poses challenges for overdose treatment, given the lack of FDA-approved medication for stimulant overdose, unlike naloxone for opioid overdoses.
While heroin and prescription opioid use alongside fentanyl have declined, this decline should not be misconstrued as progress. Instead, it underscores the pervasive presence of fentanyl, which has become ubiquitous in the drug supply chain, increasing the risks for users.
Furthermore, the report sheds light on the limitations of conventional data collection methods, such as self-reported surveys, emphasizing the value of urine tests in providing timely and accurate insights into drug use trends.
However, understanding the demographics and motivations behind polysubstance use remains crucial for tailoring effective interventions. As the nation grapples with an ongoing crisis that claimed over 107,000 lives in 2021, there is a pressing need for targeted strategies to address evolving drug use patterns and prevent further loss of life.
Source: US News